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The role of type‐1 and type‐2 T‐helper immune responses in HIV‐1 vaccine protection
Author(s) -
Heeney Jonathan L,
Gils Mariëlle E.,
Meide Peter,
Morghen Carlo de Giuli,
Ghioni Cristina,
Gimelli Margherita,
Raddelli Antonio,
Davis David,
Akerblom Lennart,
Morein Bror
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of medical primatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.31
H-Index - 42
eISSN - 1600-0684
pISSN - 0047-2565
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1998.tb00226.x
Subject(s) - immunology , immune system , virology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , biology , medicine
The dichotomy of type‐1 and type‐2 T‐helper (Th) immune responses is thought to be an obstacle to develop Human immunodeficiency virus‐type‐1 (HIV‐1) vaccines capable of inducing effective cellular as well as humoral immune responses. Macaca mulatta were immunized using two different HIV‐1 sf2 envelope vaccine strategies, based on either immune‐stimulating complexes (ISCOM) or chimeric Fowlpox (FP) vaccines. One month following the third immunization all animals were heterologously challenged with simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV sf13 ). Vaccinated monkeys, which were protected had the highest levels of both type‐1 and type‐2 HIV‐1 specific T‐helper cell (Th) responses in addition to the highest homologous and heterogenous virus neutralizing antibodies. To determine how long Th responses persisted and if they correlated with protection, animals were re‐challenged after waiting for four months without re‐boosting. Macaques which maintained the highest gp120‐specific type‐1 (IFN‐γ) responses were protected, while there was evidence of viral clearance in two others. These findings demonstrate the importance of both or mixed type‐1 and type‐2 Th responses in HIV‐1 vaccine induced immunity while suggesting a possible role of persistent type‐1 responses in maintaining protective immunity over time.