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Liver X receptor and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor as integrators of lipid homeostasis and immunity
Author(s) -
Kidani Yoko,
Bensinger Steven J.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01153.x
Subject(s) - receptor , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha , peroxisome , immunity , biology , homeostasis , lipid metabolism , immunology , nuclear receptor , microbiology and biotechnology , endocrinology , immune system , biochemistry , transcription factor , gene
Summary Lipid metabolism has emerged as an important modulator of innate and adaptive immune cell fate and function. The lipid‐activated transcription factors peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor ( PPAR ) α, β/δ, γ and liver X receptor ( LXR ) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that have a well‐defined role in regulating lipid homeostasis and metabolic diseases. Accumulated evidence over the last decade indicates that PPAR and LXR signaling also influence multiple facets of inflammation and immunity, thereby providing important crosstalk between metabolism and immune system. Herein, we provide a brief introduction to LXR and PPAR biology and review recent discoveries highlighting the importance of PPAR and LXR signaling in the modulation of normal and pathologic states of immunity. We also examine advances in our mechanistic understanding of how nuclear receptors impact immune system function and homeostasis. Finally, we discuss whether LXRs and PPARs could be pharmacologically manipulated to provide novel therapeutic approaches for modulation of the immune system under pathologic inflammation or in the context of allergic and autoimmune disease.