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Mechanisms regulating dendritic cell specification and development
Author(s) -
Watowich Stephanie S.,
Liu YongJun
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00949.x
Subject(s) - biology , dendritic cell , irf8 , progenitor cell , haematopoiesis , acquired immune system , transcription factor , immunology , immune system , lymphopoiesis , innate immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , stem cell , genetics , gene
Summary: Understanding the diversification of dendritic cell (DC) lineages is one of the last frontiers in mapping the developmental hierarchy of the hematopoietic system. DCs are a vital link between the innate and adaptive immune responses; thus, elucidating their developmental pathways is crucial for insight into the generation of natural immunity and for learning how to regulate DCs in clinical settings. DCs arise from hematopoietic stem cells through specialized progenitor subsets under the direction of FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) and Flt3L receptor (Flt3) signaling. Recent studies have revealed important contributions from granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and type I interferons (IFNs) in vivo . Furthermore, DC development is guided by lineage‐restricted transcription factors such as IRF8, E2‐2, and Batf3. A critical question centers on how cytokines and lineage‐restricted transcription factors operate molecularly to direct DC diversification. Here, we review recent findings that provide new insight into the DC developmental process.