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Inhibition of interferon induction and signaling by paramyxoviruses
Author(s) -
Fontana Judith M.,
Bankamp Bettina,
Rota Paul A.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00669.x
Subject(s) - biology , interferon , gene , virology , genome , viral pathogenesis , innate immune system , phosphoprotein , viral evolution , genetics , viral replication , immune system , virus
Summary: The family Paramyxoviridae comprises a diverse group of viruses that includes several important human and veterinary pathogens. Members of this family have a non‐segmented, single‐stranded, negative sense RNA genome, a conserved gene order, and a similar replication strategy. Paramyxoviruses are divided into two subfamilies, Paramyxovirinae and Pneumovirinae , which comprise five genera and two genera, respectively. Viruses in each genus have developed strategies to circumvent the interferon (IFN) response by using a diverse array of proteins that are encoded within the phosphoprotein genes of the Paramyxovirinae or non‐structural genes of the Pneumovirinae . This review focuses on the specific roles that these viral proteins play in the inhibition of IFN signaling and, to a lesser extent, on the mechanisms by which these proteins inhibit the induction pathways of IFN. An improved understanding of the interactions between viral proteins and the host innate immune response is critical to achieving a thorough comprehension of the pathogenesis of this important group of viruses. Hopefully this knowledge will support the development of more targeted vaccines and therapeutics to better prevent and control viral infection.