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High‐Dose Soluble Antigen: Peripheral T‐Cell Proliferation or Apoptosis
Author(s) -
Liblau Roland S.,
Pearson Cecelia I.,
Shokat Kevan,
Tisch Roland,
Yang XiaoDong,
McDevitt Hugh O.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1994.tb00890.x
Subject(s) - boulevard , medicine , library science , history , computer science , archaeology
A functional immune system reacts against foreign antigens while at the same time it remains unresponsiveness to self. Tolerance to self is acquired and maintained by both thymic and peripheral events. During thymic development, the Tcell receptor (TCR) repertoire is generated by gene rearrangement and pairing of TCR a and p chains. This process is thought to occur in a random manner and, as a result, autoreactive T cells as well as T cells reactive to foreign antigens are generated. In the thymus, the developing T cells with specificity for self MHC are positively selected, but those specific for self MHC plus antigens having access to the thymus are deleted by apoptosis (Kisielow et al. 1988, Murphy et al. 1990). However, some autoreactive T cells do enter the periphery as a result of incomplete thymic deletion or absence of particular self antigens in the thymus. Several mechanisms collectively referred to as "peripheral tolerance" normally operate to prevent these autoreactive T cells initiating an autoimmune disease. These mechanisms include the induction of anergy, down-regulation of cell surface expression of TCR and co-receptor molecules, immune deviation, and peripheral deletion (Webb et al. 1990, Rocha & von Boehmer 1991, Fields & Loh 1992, Hammerling et al. 1993, Scott et al. 1994).