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Astaxanthin attenuates the UVB‐induced secretion of prostaglandin E 2 and interleukin‐8 in human keratinocytes by interrupting MSK1 phosphorylation in a ROS depletion–independent manner
Author(s) -
Terazawa Shuko,
Nakajima Hiroaki,
Shingo Mori,
Niwano Takao,
Imokawa Genji
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
experimental dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.108
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0625
pISSN - 0906-6705
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01496.x
Subject(s) - phosphorylation , p38 mitogen activated protein kinases , secretion , prostaglandin e2 , mapk/erk pathway , kinase , chemistry , prostaglandin e , protein kinase a , signal transduction , blot , microbiology and biotechnology , protein kinase c , endocrinology , biology , biochemistry , gene
To elucidate the effects of redox balance regulation on cutaneous inflammation, we used the potent antioxidant astaxanthin (AX) to assess its effect on the UVB‐induced secretion of PGE 2 and IL‐8 in human keratinocytes and analysed its biological mechanism of action. The addition of AX (at 8 μ m ) to human keratinocytes even after UVB irradiation significantly down‐regulated the increased secretion of PGE 2 or IL‐8. Those suppressive effects were accompanied by significantly decreased expression of genes encoding COX‐2 or IL‐8 as well as COX‐2 protein. Analysis using a specific NF‐κB tanslocation inhibitor demonstrated that the UVB‐stimulated secretion of PGE 2 and IL‐8 was significantly abolished by its treatment prior to UVB irradiation. Western blotting of phosphorylated signalling molecules revealed that UVB irradiation (80 mJ/cm 2 ) significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK, which was not suppressed by treatment with AX after irradiation. In contrast, AX significantly inhibited the UVB‐increased phosphorylation of mitogen‐ and stress‐activated protein kinase (MSK)‐1, NF‐kBp65 or CREB even when treated postirradiation. Further, the MSK1 inhibitor H89 significantly down‐regulated the increased secretion of PGE 2 and IL‐8 in UVB‐exposed human keratinocytes, following post‐irradiation treatment. These findings suggests that AX attenuates the auto‐phosphorylation of MSK1 required for its activation, which results in the decreased phosphorylation of NF‐kBp65, which in turn probably leads to a deficiency of NF‐kB DNA binding activity. This may be associated with the significant suppression of PGE 2 /IL‐8 secretion via the down‐regulated expression of COX‐2 and IL‐8 at the gene and/or protein levels.