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Long‐term effects of idiotype vaccination on the specific T‐cell response in peripheral blood and bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients
Author(s) -
Abdalla Amir Osman,
Hansson Lotta,
Eriksson Ingrid,
NäsmanGlaser Barbro,
Mellstedt Håkan,
Österborg Anders
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
european journal of haematology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.904
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1600-0609
pISSN - 0902-4441
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00962.x
Subject(s) - elispot , peripheral blood mononuclear cell , immunology , medicine , bone marrow , idiotype , cytokine , t cell , immunization , multiple myeloma , immune system , antibody , biology , monoclonal antibody , biochemistry , in vitro
Objectives: To elucidate long‐term effects of idiotype (Id) vaccination on Id‐specific T cells of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and compare Id‐specific T‐cell responses of peripheral blood with those of bone marrow (BM). Materials and methods: Id‐specific T‐cell responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were compared with those of BM mononuclear cells (BMMC) in 10 MM patients vaccinated with the Id protein at a median time of 41 months since the last immunization. The PBMC responses at late follow‐up were also compared with those during active immunization. The responses were assessed by a proliferation assay, enzyme‐linked immunospot ( ELISPOT) (γ‐interferon), cytometric bead array (CBA) for secreted cytokines and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR) for cytokine gene expression. Results: At the late testing time, an Id‐specific response was detected in PBMC of five patients (ELISPOT, CBA, QRT‐PCR) and in BMMC of four patients (CBA, QRT‐PCR). A response in both compartments was noted only in three patients. The cytokines gene profile was consistent with a predominance of Th 2 cells [interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10]. Comparison of the Id‐specific responses of PBMC during active immunization with those at the late follow‐up showed that the frequency and magnitude of the responses had decreased significantly by time (proliferation/ELISPOT) ( P < 0.02) and shifted at the gene level from a Th 1 to a Th 2 profile ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Id‐specific T cells may decline overtime and shift toward a Th 2 response and may be found at a similar frequency of patients in blood and BM.