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Recurrent chemotherapy‐induced tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) with renal failure in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia – successful treatment and prevention of TLS with low‐dose rasburicase
Author(s) -
Hummel Margit,
Buchheidt Dieter,
Reiter Sebastian,
Bergmann Jörg,
Adam Katja,
Hehlmann Rüdiger
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
european journal of haematology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.904
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1600-0609
pISSN - 0902-4441
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00550.x
Subject(s) - rasburicase , tumor lysis syndrome , medicine , fludarabine , bendamustine , cyclophosphamide , chemotherapy , renal function , urology , chronic lymphocytic leukemia , nephrotoxicity , gastroenterology , surgery , leukemia , kidney
Introduction : Rasburicase is a recombinant urate oxidase that is produced by a genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has been approved for prophylaxis and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome in 2001. In several studies, rasburicase, given at a dose of 0.15–0.2 mg/kg for up to 7 d, proved to be highly effective in lowering urate levels. Case report : We report the case of a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) who experienced tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) with acute renal failure after fludarabine/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy and after bendamustine treatment. During the first episode of TLS, after fludarabine/cyclophosphamide (creatinine 3.3 mg/dL, urate 24.6 mg/dL), the patient received rasburicase 0.2 mg/kg for 3 d. Urate levels decreased below the lower limit of normal and renal function recovered. After bendamustine therapy, given for disease progression 8 months later, TLS with acute oliguric renal failure re‐occurred (creatinine 3.1 mg/dL, urate 20.8 mg/dL). The patient was treated with hyperhydration and two doses of rasburicase (0.056 mg/kg), resulting in a prompt decrease of the urate level and recovery of renal function. Both episodes of TLS were successfully treated with rasburicase in a lower dose than recommended by the manufacturer. During a second bendamustine course, TLS was successfully treated by low doses of rasburicase (0.056 mg/kg for 2 d). Conclusion : This is the first report of TLS in CLL after bendamustine chemotherapy reported in the literature. Treatment and prevention of TLS by low doses of rasburicase is possible and cost‐effective.