Chironomidae (Diptera) of peatlands in northwestern Ontario, Canada

Eighty‐four species of Chironomidae were collected, using emergence traps, from three poor fens located in the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) of northwestern Ontario. Of these, 37 were considered to be true peatland fauna. The majority (23) of the peatland species are new North American or Canadian records and, of these, 10 are previously undescribed. Numbers m −2 yr −1 emerging from the fens were similar to neighbouring lakes but biomass (mg) m −2 yr −1 emerging was much less, indicating the small average size of the fen chironomids. Emergence began in early May and was virtually completed by late July‐early August in all three years of the study. Most of the emergence occurred early in the season. Eight species accounted for ≥90% of the emergence. Five of these, Gymnometriocnemus (R.) acigus Saeth., Doithrix villosa Saeth. and Subl., Pseudorthocladius (s.s.) destitutus Saeth. and Subl., P. (s.s.) curtistylus (Goetgh.), and Paramerina nr. smithae (Subl.) had univoltine life cycles and relatively stichronous emergences. Pseudosmittia forcipata (Goetgh.) was bivoltine, and Limnophyes minimus (Meig.) and Smittia nr. nudipennis Geotgh. had protracted emergence periods that made voltinism difficult to determine. Characteristic features of the chironomid fauna of peatlands at ELA are discussed. The general applicability of these features to peatlands, and needs for further research in these neglected but extensive Canadian habitats are considered.