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Patch testing with hydroxyethyl‐ p ‐phenylenediamine sulfate – cross‐reactivity with p ‐phenylenediamine
Author(s) -
Frosch Peter J.,
Kügler Katrin,
Geier Johannes
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01916.x
Subject(s) - hair dyes , p phenylenediamine , reactivity (psychology) , sensitization , dyeing , patch test , allergic contact dermatitis , contact dermatitis , medicine , dermatology , chemistry , allergy , organic chemistry , immunology , pathology , alternative medicine
Background. Adverse reactions to permanent hair dyes are frequent, and primarily result from sensitization to p ‐phenylenediamine (PPD). Objectives. To investigate the degree of cross‐reactivity to a chemically similar dye, hydroxyethyl‐ p ‐phenylenediamine sulfate (HPPS), and whether this might be a dyeing alternative for patients who are sensitive to PPD. Method. HPPS was patch tested in two concentrations in a total of 216 patients suspected of having contact dermatitis caused by hair dyes and/or hair cosmetics. A regular use test with a hair dye containing HPPS was suggested to every patient who had had an adverse reaction to a PPD hair dye in the past. Results. Forty of 216 (19.9%) patients reacted to 1% PPD, whereas only 2/216 (0.9%) showed a positive reaction to 1% HPPS. Reactivity to 2% HPPS was only slightly higher (5/216, 2.3%). On the basis of the 43 PPD‐positive patients, the reactivity to 2% HPPS amounted to 12%; the corresponding figure for toluene‐2,5‐diamine was 15% (5/33). In a use test on two PPD‐positive patients with a hair dye containing HPPS, no adverse reaction was seen, even after several years of regular dyeing. Conclusions. HPPS may be an alternative hair dye for individuals not tolerating PPD‐containing dyes. However, cross‐reactivity with PPD and other aromatic amines may occur. HPPS is also a known sensitizer, and the risk of de novo sensitization can only be assessed by a controlled study on a large panel and under regular use conditions.