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Elicitation response characteristics to mono‐ and to N , N ′‐diacetyl‐para‐phenylenediamine
Author(s) -
Blömeke Brunhilde,
Pietzsch Tim,
Merk Hans F.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01347.x
Subject(s) - patch test , allergic contact dermatitis , diacetyl , dermatology , medicine , allergy , sensitization , contact allergy , p phenylenediamine , hair dyes , contact dermatitis , acetylation , allergen , immunology , chemistry , food science , organic chemistry , biochemistry , dyeing , gene
Background: Para‐phenylenediamine (PPD) is an important and common cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The mechanism of sensitization is still unknown. It is believed that PPD is a prohapten and thus the balance between activation and/or detoxification processes may influence responses to PPD. Beside auto‐oxidation to Bandrowski’s base, PPD is enzymatically acetylated to monoacetyl‐PPD (MAPPD) and to N , N ′‐diacetyl‐PPD (DAPPD) in skin and keratinocytes. Objective: We investigated if the 2 acetylated PPD derivatives are able to elicit allergic contact dermatitis by performing epicutaneous skin tests in subjects with dermatitis. Patients and Methods: Contact allergy to PPD and the 2 acetylated derivatives (1% in petrolatum) were detected by patch testing of 455 patients with eczema from our clinic who were tested with the baseline series. Results and Conclusions: 16 subjects were found to be patch test positive to PPD (3.5%). No reactions were found for MAPPD, and just 1 PPD‐positive patient was positive for DAPPD (0.2%). In agreement with our earlier published in vitro data, these in vivo patch test results indicate that acetylation of PPD can be regarded as a detoxification reaction.