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Dinitrohalobenzenes: evaluation of relative skin sensitization potential using the local lymph node assay
Author(s) -
Basketter David A.,
Dearman Rebecca J.,
Hilton Jennifer,
Kimber Ian
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00421.x
Subject(s) - local lymph node assay , sensitization , skin sensitization , allergic contact dermatitis , hapten , immunology , allergy , chemistry , lymph node , electrophile , contact dermatitis , medicine , antibody , biochemistry , catalysis
The dinitrohalobenzenes are known to cause skin sensitization and have been used in many seminal investigations of the relationships between physicochemical characteristic and sensitizing potential. The electrophilic theory of skin sensitization implies that contact allergic potential should correlate positively with the ability of chemicals to react with proteins to form immunogenic hapten‐protein conjugates. It is intriguing, therefore, that previous studies in guinea pigs and mice have suggested that such correlations do not apply to dinitrohalobenzenes. To address this, we have examined, using the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA), the sensitizing activity of 2,4‐dinitroiodobenzene (DNFB), 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), 2,4‐dinitrobromo‐bezene (DNBB) and 2,4‐dinitroiodobenzene (DNIB). In contrast to previous investigations, it was found that the ability of these chemicals to provoke responses in the LLNA correlated closely with their reported protein reactivity. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that dinitrohalobenzenes conform to the electrophilic theory of skin sensitization and that they should be regarded as direct acting haptens.