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Methodological issues in oral health research: intervention studies
Author(s) -
O’Mullane Denis,
James Patrice,
Whelton Helen,
Parnell Carmel
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
community dentistry and oral epidemiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.061
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1600-0528
pISSN - 0301-5661
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00661.x
Subject(s) - psychological intervention , medicine , observational study , intervention (counseling) , public health , clinical study design , research design , dental public health , public health interventions , alternative medicine , management science , clinical trial , medical education , engineering ethics , nursing , sociology , pathology , social science , economics , engineering
O’Mullane D, James P, Whelton H, Parnell C. Methodological issues in oral health research: intervention studies. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40 (Suppl. 1): 15–20. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Objectives: To provide a broad overview of methodological issues in the design and evaluation of intervention studies in dental public health, with particular emphasis on explanatory trials, pragmatic trials and complex interventions.Methods: We present a narrative summary of selected publications from the literature outlining both historical and recent challenges in the design and evaluation of intervention studies and describe some recent tools that may help researchers to address these challenges.Results: It is now recognised that few intervention studies in dental public health are purely explanatory or pragmatic. We describe the PRECIS tool which can be used by trialists to assess and display the position of their trial on a continuum between the extremes of explanatory and pragmatic trials. The tool aims to help trialists make design decisions that are in line with their stated aims. The increasingly complex nature of dental public health interventions presents particular design and evaluation challenges. The revised Medical Research Council (MRC) guidance for the development and evaluation of complex interventions which emphasises the importance of planning and process evaluation is a welcome development. We briefly describe the MRC guidance and outline some examples of complex interventions in the field of oral health. The role of observational studies in monitoring public health interventions when the conduct of RCTs is not appropriate or feasible is acknowledged. We describe the STROBE statement and outline the implications of the STROBE guidelines for dental public health.Conclusion: The methodological challenges in the design, conduct and reporting of intervention studies in oral health are considerable. The need to provide reliable evidence to support innovative new strategies in oral health policy is a major impetus in these fields. No doubt the ‘Methodological Issues in Oral Health Research’ group will have further opportunities to highlight this work.