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Dental fluorosis and caries in high‐fluoride districts in Sweden
Author(s) -
Forsman Britta
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
community dentistry and oral epidemiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.061
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1600-0528
pISSN - 0301-5661
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1974.tb01671.x
Subject(s) - dental fluorosis , medicine , permanent dentition , dentistry , fluoride , dentition , permanent teeth , inorganic chemistry , chemistry
An investigation of the occurrence of fluorosis and caries was carried out in districts in Sweden with extremely high fluoride (F) concentrations in the drinking water. In areas with ∼ 10 ppm F * severe fluorosis, DEAN'S Index Grade 3 and 4, occurred on all permanent teeth and most of the primary teeth. The fluorosis was related to the F supply during the period of mineralization of the teeth. One case of “delayed” fluorosis was, however, demonstrated. In the area ∼ 5 ppm, 50 % of individuals had fluorosis Grade 2 and 28 % Grade 3 or 4 in the permanent teeth. Fluorosis in the primary dentition was milder, but only 20 % of the individuals were completely free from fluorosis and several cases of Grade 3 and 4 occurred in this area also. Caries frequency in the permanent teeth was higher in the ∼ 10 ppm area in comparison with the ∼ 1 ppm area. The highest DMFS values could be related to fluorosis Grade 3 and 4 in both the ∼ 10 ppm and ∼ 5 ppm areas. For the primary teeth the deft value decreased with increasing water F content and the caries frequency was not related to the degree of fluorosis. Duration of breastfeeding influenced the degree of fluorosis in areas up to ∼ 5 ppm in both the primary and secondary dentitions; in areas with ∼ 10 ppm F only the primary dentition was influenced, while the permanent teeth in these areas showed severe fluorosis even with long duration of breastfeeding. F content of saliva was, like the F content of bone and blood plasma, increased in the ∼ 10 ppm area. F deposition in primary teeth from the ∼ 10 ppm area was of the order four times that in the 1 ppm area. Pre‐ and post‐natal F deposition is discussed with reference to analyses of F content of blood and bone, and the significance of these factors during pregnancy.