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Antimicrobial peptides and periodontal disease
Author(s) -
Gorr SvenUlrik,
Abdolhosseini Mahsa
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01664.x
Subject(s) - antimicrobial peptides , antimicrobial , saliva , peptide , antibiotics , antibacterial peptide , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , dental alveolus , periodontitis , biofilm , periodontal disease , immunology , chemistry , bacteria , biology , antibacterial activity , dentistry , biochemistry , genetics
Gorr S‐U, Abdolhosseini M. Antimicrobial peptides and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 (Suppl. 11): 126–141. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01664.x. Abstract Aims: The goal of this review is to identify the antimicrobial proteins in the oral fluids, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid and identify functional families and candidates for antibacterial treatment. Results: Periodontal biofilms initiate a cascade of inflammatory and immune processes that lead to the destruction of gingival tissues and ultimately alveolar bone loss and tooth loss. Treatment of periodontal disease with conventional antibiotics does not appear to be effective in the absence of mechanical debridement. An alternative treatment may be found in antimicrobial peptides and proteins, which can be bactericidal and anti‐inflammatory and block the inflammatory effects of bacterial toxins. The peptides have co‐evolved with oral bacteria, which have not developed significant peptide resistance. Over 45 antibacterial proteins are found in human saliva and gingival crevicular fluid. The proteins and peptides belong to several different functional families and offer broad protection from invading microbes. Several antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) serve as templates for the development of therapeutic peptides and peptide mimetics, although to date none have demonstrated efficacy in human trials. Conclusions: Existing and newly identified AMPs may be developed for therapeutic use in periodontal disease or can serve as templates for peptide and peptide mimetics with improved therapeutic indices.