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Pro‐inflammatory biomarkers during experimental gingivitis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a proof‐of‐concept study
Author(s) -
Salvi Giovanni E.,
Franco Lea M.,
Braun Thomas M.,
Lee Angie,
Rutger Persson Gösta,
Lang Niklaus P.,
Giannobile William V.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01500.x
Subject(s) - gingivitis , medicine , biomarker , type 1 diabetes , gastroenterology , diabetes mellitus , periodontitis , dentistry , endocrinology , biology , biochemistry
Aim: To compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarker levels and microbial distribution in plaque biofilm (SP) samples for subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) versus healthy subjects without diabetes during experimental gingivitis (EG). Materials and Methods: A total of nine T1DM patients and nine healthy controls of age and gender similar to the T1DM patients were monitored for 35 days during EG. Hygiene practices were stopped for 3 weeks, and GCF, SP, plaque index (PI) and gingival index were determined. IL‐1 β , IL‐8, MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and SP samples were assessed by DNA–DNA hybridization for a panel of 40 subgingival microbial species. Results: IL‐1 β levels in T1DM patients were elevated compared with healthy individuals, and showed differences between groups at 7–21 days while healthy patients showed IL‐1 β increases from baseline to 14–21 days ( p <0.05). Differences were observed in MMP‐9 levels between patients with and without T1DM at 7–14 days ( p <0.05). Orange complex species and PI measurements displayed a superior correlation with biomarker levels when compared with other complexes or clinical measurements during EG. Conclusions: The mean GCF biomarker levels for IL‐1 β and MMP‐8 were most significantly elevated in T1DM subjects compared with healthy individuals during EG, not resulting from differences in the mean PI or microbial composition.