Premium
Antioxidants and periodontitis in 60–70‐year‐old men
Author(s) -
Linden Gerard J.,
McClean Kathy M.,
Woodside Jayne V.,
Patterson Chris C.,
Evans Alun,
Young Ian S.,
Kee Frank
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01468.x
Subject(s) - periodontitis , medicine , carotenoid , odds ratio , confounding , zeaxanthin , logistic regression , beta carotene , dentistry , vitamin e , population , lutein , gastroenterology , antioxidant , vitamin , food science , biology , biochemistry , environmental health
Abstract Objective: The aim was to investigate the association between periodontal health and the serum levels of various antioxidants including carotenoids, retinol and vitamin E in a homogenous group of Western European men. Materials and Methods: A representative sample of 1258 men aged 60–70 years, drawn from the population of Northern Ireland, was examined between 2001 and 2003. Each participant had six or more teeth, completed a questionnaire and underwent a clinical periodontal examination. Serum lipid‐soluble antioxidant levels were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Multivariable analysis was carried out using logistic regression with adjustment for possible confounders. Models were constructed using two measures of periodontal status (low‐ and high‐threshold periodontitis) as dependent variables and the fifths of each antioxidant as a predictor variable. Results: The levels of α ‐ and β ‐carotene, β ‐cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin were highly significantly lower in the men with low‐threshold periodontitis ( p <0.001). These carotenoids were also significantly lower in high‐threshold periodontitis. There were no significant differences in the levels of lutein, lycopene, α ‐ and γ ‐tocopherol or retinol in relation to periodontitis. In fully adjusted models, there was an inverse relationship between a number of carotenoids ( α ‐ and β ‐carotene and β ‐cryptoxanthin) and low‐threshold periodontitis. β ‐Carotene and β ‐cryptoxanthin were the only antioxidants that were associated with an increased risk of high‐threshold severe periodontitis. The adjusted odds ratio for high‐threshold periodontitis in the lowest fifth relative to the highest fifth of β ‐cryptoxanthin was 4.02 ( p =0.003). Conclusion: It is concluded that low serum levels of a number of carotenoids, in particular β ‐cryptoxanthin and β ‐carotene, were associated with an increased prevalence of periodontitis in this homogenous group of 60–70‐year‐old Western European men.