Premium
Effects of smoking on healing response to non‐surgical periodontal therapy: a multilevel modelling analysis
Author(s) -
Wan Chi Pui,
Leung W. Keung,
Wong May C. M.,
Wong Ruby M. S.,
Wan Peng,
Lo Edward C. M.,
Corbet Esmonde F.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01371.x
Subject(s) - multilevel model , medicine , dentistry , analysis of variance , gingival and periodontal pocket , regression analysis , linear regression , periodontitis , machine learning , computer science
Aim: To investigate the factors predicting non‐surgical periodontal treatment responses using multilevel multiple regression. Material and Methods: Forty men (mean 45.6 years) were recruited; 20 were smokers. A 12‐month reduction in probing pocket depth (PPD) and gain in probing attachment level (PAL) of 5814 sites were analysed, with 594 being initially diseased sites (initial PPD5 mm). Results: Variance Component models showed that site‐level variations contributed about 70–90% of the total variance. About a 10% reduction of the total variations of PPD reduction in initially diseased sites was achieved with the inclusion of the 10 predictors in the multilevel multiple regression. Multilevel multiple regression showed that three predictors, subject level: non‐smokers; tooth‐level: anterior teeth; and site level: sites without plaque at baseline, were significantly associated with a greater reduction in PPD in initially diseased sites over the 12‐month study period ( p <0.05). No consistent predictor was found for PAL gain. Conclusion: Multilevel analysis was applied on periodontal treatment response data. Smokers showed less favourable PPD reduction at deep sites after non‐surgical periodontal therapy.