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Periodontitis is characterized by elevated PAI‐1 activity
Author(s) -
Bizzarro S.,
Van Der Velden U.,
Ten Heggeler J. M. A. G.,
Leivadaros E.,
Hoek F. J.,
Gerdes V. E. A.,
Bakker S. J. L.,
Gans R. O. B.,
Ten Cate H.,
Loos B. G.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01095.x
Subject(s) - periodontitis , medicine , fibrinolysis , fibrinogen , erythrocyte sedimentation rate , von willebrand factor , gastroenterology , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , plasminogen activator , d dimer , population , c reactive protein , immunology , inflammation , platelet , environmental health
Objectives: Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease and has been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We investigated whether plasma levels of markers of a prothrombotic state were elevated in patients with periodontitis in comparison with healthy controls. Materials and methods: Untreated patients with moderate ( n =53) and severe periodontitis ( n =38) and healthy controls ( n =39) were recruited. Levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) activity and D‐dimer were measured as markers of a prothrombotic state. Results: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP) and leucocyte counts (WBC) were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis. No statistically significant difference was found among the three groups for vWF ( p =0.264), F1+2 ( p =0.295) and D‐dimer ( p =0.572). However, PAI‐1 was clearly elevated in the severe periodontitis group ( p =0.001), even after adjusting for potential confounding factors ( p adj =0.004). Moreover, more patients than controls were having vWF and PAI‐1 levels above the respective population medians. Conclusions: In periodontitis, elevated levels of PAI‐1 activity are observed compared with healthy controls. This may increase the potential for impaired fibrinolysis, a condition that results in a prothrombotic state. We suggest that this state, if left untreated, may contribute to an increased risk for CVD.