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Microbiological effects of mouthrinses containing antimicrobials
Author(s) -
Walker Clay B.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1988.tb01021.x
Subject(s) - gingivitis , antimicrobial , chlorhexidine , medicine , dental plaque , streptococcus mutans , dentistry , triclosan , oral hygiene , antiseptic , actinomyces , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , biology , genetics , pathology
A number of mouthrinse formulations containing antimicrobials have been evaluated to détérmine their effectiveness as antiplaque and/or antigingivitis agents. These have included the bis‐biguanides, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds., oxygenating compounds, plant extracts, fluorides, antibiotics and antimicrobial combinations. These mouthrinses have often been tested as adjuncts to normal oral hygiene procedures as well as in the experimental gingivitis model. 2 agents in particularly, chlorhexidine gluconate and listerine. have been shown to both inhibit or reduce plaque accumulation and the severity of gingivitis. Chiorhexidine has been reported to reduce the accumulation of plaque by 60% and the severity of gingivitis by 50‐80% as détérmined by improvements in clinical indices. A 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate rinse resulted in significant reductions after both 3 and 6 months use in the numbers of total anaerobes, total aerobes, streptococci, and actinomyces recovered from supragingival plaque. Listerine has been reported to retard the development of plaque by 45 to 56% and to reduce existing plaque by 39 to 48%. Gingivitis scores were reduced as much as 59%. Microbial studies have shown that the effect of listerine is exerted against the total microbial mass and results in an overall decrease in both the biomass and the activity. Long‐term use of neither mouthrinse, chlorhexidine or listerine. resulted in the emergence of opportunistic or oral pathogens. Preliminary data obtained following the use of a novel mouthrinse consisting of a combination of povidone‐iodine and hydrogen peroxide appears promising. This combination was more effective than either single component alone in reducing gingivitis scores. The combination resulted in a net decrease in microbial mass as détérmined by total microbial counts but did not specifically reduce one bacterial taxa in relation to the others.