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Spontaneously formed nanostructures on titanium surfaces
Author(s) -
Wennerberg Ann,
Svanborg Lory Melin,
Berner Simon,
Andersson Martin
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02429.x
Subject(s) - nanostructure , materials science , titanium , aqueous solution , contact angle , chemical engineering , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , nanotechnology , rutile , oxygen , etching (microfabrication) , layer (electronics) , chemistry , composite material , metallurgy , organic chemistry , engineering
Objectives The aim was to investigate the evolution of nanostructures on the SLA ctive surface, as a function of time, storage conditions, material dependence and to identify the step in which the reorganization of the outermost titanium oxide layer into well defined nanostructures takes place. Material and methods Titanium grade 2 discs were surface modified in seven different modes; (1) SLA (sand blasted, large grit, acid etched) protocol. (2) SLA ctive protocol ( SLA stored in 0.9% NaCl solution), (3) SLA ctive, but stored in water instead of 0.9% NaCl solution, (4) pmod SLA : SLA discs subjected to oxygen plasma cleaning and stored in 0.9% NaCl solution, (5) SLA nano: SLA ctive discs aged for several months and then dried, (6) Mod A: same etching procedure and storage as for SLA ctive, but no sand blasting prior to etching, (7) pmod P: the discs were polished, oxygen plasma cleaned and stored in 0.9% NaCl solution. In addition TiZr alloy discs were prepared like the Ti SLA ctive samples. The surfaces were evaluated with SEM , interferometry, contact angle measurements and XPS . Results The samples stored dry were hydrophobic whereas the discs stored in liquid were hydrophilic. The evolution of nanostructures took 2 weeks, thereafter they were stable over time. The nanostructures occured after storage both in water and NaCl solution. Nanostructures were formed on Ti and TiZr although the morphology and distribution was quite different between the two materials. Conclusions Acid etching in conjunction with storage in aqueous solution is responsible for the reorganization of the outermost titanium oxide layer into well defined nanostructures.