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Effect of strain at low‐frequency loading on peri‐implant bone (re)modelling: a guinea‐pig experimental study
Author(s) -
De Smet Els,
Jaecques Siegfried V. N.,
Jansen John J.,
Walboomers Frank,
Vander Sloten Jos,
Naert Ignace E.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01528_19_8.x
Subject(s) - implant , resonance frequency analysis , materials science , strain gauge , strain (injury) , dentistry , biomedical engineering , medicine , osseointegration , anatomy , composite material , surgery
Objectives: To investigate whether controlled early loading enhances peri‐implant bone mass and bone‐to‐implant contact. Low‐frequency stimulation (3 Hz) and varying force amplitudes, causing varying strains, were applied in three guinea‐pig series. Material and methods: Three series of guinea‐pigs received percutaneous TiO 2 ‐blasted implants in both tibiae. One week after implant installation, one implant was stimulated with a sinusoidally varying bending moment while the contra‐lateral implant served as an unloaded control. Force amplitudes of 0.5, 1 and 2 N were applied on a 20‐mm‐long cantilever, resulting in strains of 133, 267 and 533 μɛ, respectively, measured by a strain gauge bonded on the surface of the tibial bone at 1.3 mm from the implant's distal surface. Implant stability was followed by means of resonance frequency analysis. Bone‐to‐implant contact and bone mass [BM (%) bone occupied area fraction] were analysed histomorphometrically. Results: A significant positive effect on the difference in bone mass at the stimulated vs. at the control side was observed in the distal half peri‐implant marrow cavity for early mechanical stimulation at a frequency of 3 Hz ( P <0.0001). An optimum was reached for the applied load, which causes a strain of approximately 267 μɛ 1.3 mm from the implant. Implant stability gradually increased in time; no significant effect of early stimulation could be measured. Conclusions: The effect of early controlled mechanical stimulation on the peri‐implant bone, in this cortical bone model, is strongly dependent on force amplitude/strain at low‐frequency stimulation.