Premium
Characteristics of perceived parenting styles in Japan using the EMBU scale
Author(s) -
Someya T.,
Uehara T.,
Kadowaki M.,
Tang S. W.,
Takahashi S.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
acta psychiatrica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.849
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1600-0447
pISSN - 0001-690X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10859.x
Subject(s) - birth order , psychology , developmental psychology , demographics , parenting styles , demography , clinical psychology , population , sociology
Objective The EMBU (Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran) is a self‐report questionnaire for the assessment of one's memory of parental rearing experiences. We are interested in using this scale to determine the characteristics of perceived parenting styles in Japan. Method The study subjects consisted of 1320 healthy Japanese volunteers, comprising 687 males (52%)) and 633 females (48%)). We investigated the relationship between demographics and the EMBU scale. Results ANCOVA revealed that the subject's gender had a significant effect on paternal rejection scores (male > female), and both gender and birth‐order position had significant effects on emotional warmth scores for both parents (female > male, and only‐child > middle or last‐born child). Birth‐order position had significant effects on maternal over‐protection, with the highest score being that of only children, and on the aspect of favouritism (favouring subjects), scores for both parents were highest from the last‐born children. Rejection scores for the mother were significantly higher than those for the father from female subjects. Among both male and female subjects, emotional warmth scores and overprotection scores for the mother were significantly higher than those for the father. Among male subjects, scores for the mother on favouritism of the subject were significantly higher than those for the father. On the other hand, among female subjects, scores for the father on favouritism of the subject were higher than scores for the mother. Conclusion Our results suggest that parenting styles have significant interrelationships with the gender and birth‐order position of the subject.