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The translation and evaluation of an Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Author(s) -
Mumford D. B.,
Tareen I. A. K.,
Bajwa M. A. Z.,
Bhatti M. R.,
Karim R.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
acta psychiatrica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.849
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1600-0447
pISSN - 0001-690X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb07370.x
Subject(s) - urdu , equivalence (formal languages) , hospital anxiety and depression scale , psychology , anxiety , clinical psychology , population , scale (ratio) , psychometrics , psychiatry , medicine , linguistics , cartography , philosophy , environmental health , geography
The translation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) into Urdu was undertaken by the authors in committee. After examining initial drafts by 6 independent translators, an agreed Urdu text was given to 6 back‐translators, and subsequently modified further. The evaluation of the new translation was performed in 3 stages: evaluation of linguistic equivalence of items in a bilingual population; evaluation of conceptual equivalence by examining item‐subscale correlations; and evaluation of scale equivalence by 2‐way classification of high and low scorers. Satisfactory results at each stage suggest that the Urdu version is a reliable and valid translation of the HADS for use in Pakistan.