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Why low‐dose benzodiazepine‐dependent insomniacs can't escape their sleeping pills
Author(s) -
SchneiderHelmert D.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
acta psychiatrica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.849
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1600-0447
pISSN - 0001-690X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06408.x
Subject(s) - benzodiazepine , insomnia , pill , hypnotic , zolpidem , sleep (system call) , psychology , rebound effect (conservation) , anesthesia , drug withdrawal , triazolam , circadian rhythm , medicine , psychiatry , drug , pharmacology , neuroscience , receptor , efficient energy use , computer science , electrical engineering , operating system , engineering
Psychobiological aspects of low‐dose benzodiazepine dependence (LBD) and drug withdrawal were investigated in 76 middle‐aged and elderly chronic insomniacs in a sleep laboratory. Comparison with drug‐free insomniacs showed that LBD leads to a complete loss of hypnotic activity and substantial suppression of delta and REM sleep. Only small differences were found between benzodiazepines with different half‐life time. Upon withdrawal, recovery from this suppression, especially in REM sleep, occurred, while insomnia did not increase. The patients, however, reported sleeping longer while taking the drug compared with withdrawal. This misperception seems to be a specific effect of benzodiazepines, and contrasts with the full awareness of insomnia upon withdrawal. It is concluded that these effects play a leading role in the patients’ inability to escape their sleeping pills. The response of REM sleep to withdrawal should make this a useful measure to objectively confirm low‐dose benzodiazepine dependence.