Open AccessSubgaleal hemorrhage: risk factors and outcomes
Author(s) -
SWANSON AMY E.,
VELDMAN ALEX,
WALLACE EUAN M.,
MALHOTRA ATUL
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
acta obstetricia et gynecologica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.401
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1600-0412
pISSN - 0001-6349
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01300.x
Subject(s) - medicine , coagulopathy , resuscitation , encephalopathy , rupture of membranes , retrospective cohort study , birth trauma , vaginal delivery , shock (circulatory) , adverse effect , pediatrics , anesthesia , surgery , obstetrics , pregnancy , gestational age , psychiatry , biology , genetics
Subgaleal hemorrhage in the newborn is a serious adverse event that is often unrecognized and under‐appreciated. This retrospective case series aimed to determine perinatal factors associated with subgaleal hemorrhage and subsequent neonatal outcomes. Obstetric and neonatal details of 21 infants with subgaleal hemorrhage over a 10‐year period were collected. The mother was primiparous in 95% cases, 48% had a prolonged second stage (>120 minutes) and 43% had prolonged rupture of membranes (>12 hours). Thirteen infants (62%) were born by instrumental vaginal delivery. Ten infants (48%) required resuscitation at delivery. The severity of subgaleal hemorrhage was mild in four infants (19%), moderate in 10 (48%) and severe in seven (33%). Hypovolemic shock developed in 10 infants (48%), encephalopathy in 13 (62%) and coagulopathy was present in five infants (24%). There were three (14%) deaths. Long‐term outcomes were good in the surviving infants.