Open AccessOsteoinduction and survival of osteoblasts and bone‐marrow stromal cells in 3 D biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds under static and dynamic culture conditions
Author(s) -
Rath Subha N.,
Strobel Leonie A.,
Arkudas Andreas,
Beier Justus P.,
Maier AnneKathrin,
Greil Peter,
Horch Raymund E.,
Kneser Ulrich
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01545.x
Subject(s) - stromal cell , bone marrow , calcium , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , phosphate , cell culture , cancer research , immunology , biochemistry , biology , genetics , organic chemistry
In many tissue engineering approaches, the basic difference between in vitro and in vivo conditions for cells within three‐dimensional (3D) constructs is the nutrition flow dynamics. To achieve comparable results in vitro , bioreactors are advised for improved cell survival, as they are able to provide a controlled flow through the scaffold. We hypothesize that a bioreactor would enhance long‐term differentiation conditions of osteogenic cells in 3D scaffolds. To achieve this either primary rat osteoblasts or bone marrow stromal cells ( BMSC ) were implanted on uniform‐sized biphasic calcium phosphate ( BCP ) scaffolds produced by a 3D printing method. Three types of culture conditions were applied: static culture without osteoinduction (Group A); static culture with osteoinduction (Group B); dynamic culture with osteoinduction (Group C). After 3 and 6 weeks, the scaffolds were analysed by alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ), ds DNA amount, SEM , fluorescent labelled live‐dead assay, and real‐time RT ‐ PCR in addition to weekly alamarBlue assays. With osteoinduction, increased ALP values and calcium deposition are observed; however, under static conditions, a significant decrease in the cell number on the biomaterial is observed. Interestingly, the bioreactor system not only reversed the decreased cell numbers but also increased their differentiation potential. We conclude from this study that a continuous flow bioreactor not only preserves the number of osteogenic cells but also keeps their differentiation ability in balance providing a suitable cell‐seeded scaffold product for applications in regenerative medicine.