Open AccessEndoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance post‐trauma: similarities to type 2 diabetes
Author(s) -
Jeschke Marc G.,
Boehning Darren
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01405.x
Subject(s) - unfolded protein response , endoplasmic reticulum , insulin resistance , type 2 diabetes , diabetes mellitus , medicine , disease , insulin , bioinformatics , pathophysiology , endocrinology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology
• Introduction • Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia in burn patients • Euglycaemic control in critically ill and burn patients • Molecular mechanisms associated with post‐burn insulin resistance: endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response • Induction of the ER stress response and intracellular calcium stores • Type 2 diabetes in animal models and links to the ER stress response • Clinical relevance of insulin resistance and ER stress in the post‐burn response • Targeting the ER stress response as a therapeutic for burn injury • ConclusionsType 2 diabetes, a rapidly growing disease of modern aetiology, has a profound impact on morbidity and mortality. Explosions in the understanding of the underlying cellular mechanisms which lead to type 2 diabetes have recently been elucidated. In particular, the central role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and the unfolding protein response (UPR) in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes has recently been discovered. We hypothesize that ER stress and UPR are not only central for type 2 diabetes but also for stress‐induced diabetes. We review here the evidence that post‐burn insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia have pathophysiologic mechanisms in common with type 2 diabetes. These recent discoveries not only highlight the importance of ER stress in the post‐burn patient recovery, but furthermore enable new models to study fundamental and interventional aspects of type 2 diabetes.