Open AccessMesenchymal stem cell‐based therapy: a new paradigm in regenerative medicine
Author(s) -
Satija Neeraj Kumar,
Singh Vimal Kishor,
Verma Yogesh Kumar,
Gupta Pallavi,
Sharma Shilpa,
Afrin Farhat,
Sharma Menka,
Sharma Pratibha,
Tripathi R. P.,
Gurudutta G. U.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00857.x
Subject(s) - mesenchymal stem cell , cell therapy , regenerative medicine , stem cell , clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells , medicine , paracrine signalling , stem cell therapy , transplantation , cancer research , stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair , bone marrow , tissue engineering , immunology , adult stem cell , biology , endothelial stem cell , pathology , microbiology and biotechnology , in vitro , biomedical engineering , biochemistry , receptor
Abstract• Introduction • Mesenchymal stem cells and its characteristics • Experimental/preclinical MSC‐based studies – MSC transplantation – Genetically modified MSC‐based therapy – MSC‐based protein therapy – Tissue engineering using MSCs• Clinical studies • Challenges and future prospectsMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adherent fibroblastoid cells, present in bone marrow and many other tissues can be easily isolated and expanded in vitro . They are capable of differentiating into different cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, endothelial cells and neuronal cells. Such immense plasticity coupled with their ability to modulate the activity of immune cells makes them attractive for stem cell‐based therapy aimed at treating previously incurable disorders. Preclinical studies have reported successful use of MSCs for delivering therapeutic proteins and repairing defects in a variety of disease models. These studies highlighted the in vivo potential of MSCs and their ability to home to injury sites and modify the microenvironment by secreting paracrine factors to augment tissue repair. Their therapeutic applicability has been widened by genetic modification to enhance differentiation and tissue targeting, and use in tissue engineering. Clinical trials for diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta, graft‐versus‐host disease and myocardial infarction have shown some promise, demonstrating the safe use of both allogeneic and autologous cells. However, lack of knowledge of MSC behaviour and responses in vitro and i n vivo force the need for basic and animal studies before heading to the clinic. Contrasting reports on immunomodulatory functions and tumorigenicity along with issues such as mode of cell delivery, lack of specific marker, low survival and engraftment require urgent attention to harness the potential of MSC‐based therapy in the near future.