Open AccessDR5‐mediated DISC controls caspase‐8 cleavage and initiation of apoptosis in human glioblastomas
Author(s) -
Bellail Anita C.,
Tse Margaret C. L.,
Song Jin H.,
Phuphanich Surasak,
Olson Jeffrey J.,
Sun Shi Yong,
Hao Chunhai
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00777.x
Subject(s) - fadd , death domain , caspase 8 , lipid raft , microbiology and biotechnology , apoptosis , caspase , receptor , biology , tumor necrosis factor alpha , chemistry , signal transduction , programmed cell death , biochemistry , immunology
To explore the molecular mechanisms by which glioblastomas are resistant to tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), we examined TRAIL signalling pathways in the tumours. TRAIL has four membrane‐anchored receptors, death receptor 4/5 (DR4/5) and decoy receptor 1/2 (DcR1/2). Of these receptors, only DR5 was expressed consistently in glioblastoma cell lines and tumour tissues, ruling out the role of DcR1/2 in TRAIL resistance. Upon TRAIL binding, DR5 was homotrimerized and recruited Fas‐associated death domain (FADD) and caspase‐8 for the assembly of death‐inducing signalling complex (DISC) in the lipid rafts of the plasma membrane. In the DISC, caspase‐8 was cleaved and initiated apoptosis by cleaving downstream caspases in TRAIL‐sensitive glioblastoma cells. In TRAIL‐resistant cells, however, DR5‐mediated DISC was modified by receptor‐interacting protein (RIP), cellular FADD‐like interleukin‐1β‐converting enzyme inhibitory protein (c‐FLIP) and phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes or in astrocyte‐15 (PED/PEA‐15). This DISC modification occurred in the non‐raft fractions of the plasma membrane and resulted in the inhibition of caspase‐8 cleavage and activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). Treatment of resistant cells with parthenolide, an inhibitor of inhibitor of κB (I‐κB), eliminated TRAIL‐induced NF‐κB activity but not TRAIL resistance. In contrast, however, targeting of RIP, c‐FLIP or PED/PEA‐15 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to the redistribution of the DISC from non‐rafts to lipid rafts and eliminated the inhibition of caspase‐8 cleavage and thereby TRAIL resistance. Taken together, this study indicates that the DISC modification by RIP, c‐FLIP and PED/PEA‐15 is the most upstream event in TRAIL resistance in glioblastomas.