Open AccessRegeneration of bone and periodontal ligament induced by recombinant amelogenin after periodontitis
Author(s) -
Haze Amir,
Taylor Angela L.,
Haegewald Stefan,
Leiser Yoav,
Shay Boaz,
Rosenfeld Eli,
GruenbaumCohen Yael,
Dafni Leah,
Zimmermann Bernd,
Heikinheimo Kristiina,
Gibson Carolyn W.,
Fisher Larry W.,
Young Marian F.,
Blumenfeld Anat,
Bernimoulin Jean P.,
Deutsch Dan
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00700.x
Subject(s) - cementum , periodontal fiber , amelogenin , regeneration (biology) , dental alveolus , cementogenesis , progenitor cell , mesenchymal stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , periodontitis , stromal cell , dentistry , pathology , anatomy , chemistry , biology , medicine , enamel paint , stem cell , dentin
Regeneration of mineralized tissues affected by chronic diseases comprises a major scientific and clinical challenge. Periodontitis, one such prevalent disease, involves destruction of the tooth‐supporting tissues, alveolar bone, periodontal‐ligament and cementum, often leading to tooth loss. In 1997, it became clear that, in addition to their function in enamel formation, the hydrophobic ectodermal enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) play a role in the regeneration of these periodontal tissues. The epithelial EMPs are a heterogeneous mixture of polypeptides encoded by several genes. It was not clear, however, which of these many EMPs induces the regeneration and what mechanisms are involved. Here we show that a single recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM + ), induced in vivo regeneration of all tooth‐supporting tissues after creation of experimental periodontitis in a dog model. To further understand the regeneration process, amelogenin expression was detected in normal and regenerating cells of the alveolar bone (osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts), periodontal ligament, cementum and in bone marrow stromal cells. Amelogenin expression was highest in areas of high bone turnover and activity. Further studies showed that during the first 2 weeks after application, rHAM + induced, directly or indirectly, significant recruitment of mesenchymal progenitor cells, which later differentiated to form the regenerated periodontal tissues. The ability of a single protein to bring about regeneration of all periodontal tissues, in the correct spatio‐temporal order, through recruitment of mesenchymal progenitor cells, could pave the way for development of new therapeutic devices for treatment of periodontal, bone and ligament diseases based on rHAM + .