Open AccessAdult‐derived stem cells and their potential for use in tissue repair and molecular medicine
Author(s) -
Young Henry E.,
Duplaa Cecile,
Katz Ryan,
Thompson Tina,
Hawkins Kristina C.,
Boev Angel N.,
Henson Nicholas L.,
Heaton Matthew,
Sood Rajiv,
Ashley Dennis,
Stout Christopher,
Morgan Joe H.,
Uchakin Peter N.,
Rimando Marylen,
Long Gypsy F.,
Thomas Crystal,
Yoon JeeIn,
Park Ji Eun,
Hunt Darren J.,
Walsh Nancy M.,
Davis Josh C.,
Lightner Joel E.,
Hutchings Anna M.,
Murphy Meredith L.,
Boswell Elizabeth,
McAbee Jessica A.,
Gray Brandon M.,
Piskurich Janet,
Blake Lisa,
Collins Julie A.,
Moreau Catherine,
Hixson Douglas,
Bowyer Frank P.,
Black Asa C.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00510.x
Subject(s) - stem cell , biology , germ layer , microbiology and biotechnology , embryonic stem cell , adult stem cell , induced pluripotent stem cell , epiblast , embryoid body , cellular differentiation , reprogramming , genetics , cell , gastrulation , gene
This report reviews three categories of precursor cells present within adults. The first category of precursor cell, the epiblast‐like stem cell, has the potential of forming cells from all three embryonic germ layer lineages, e.g., ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The second category of precursor cell, the germ layer lineage stem cell, consists of three separate cells. Each of the three cells is committed to form cells limited to a specific embryonic germ layer lineage. Thus the second category consists of germ layer lineage ectodermal stem cells, germ layer lineage mesodermal stem cells, and germ layer lineage endodermal stem cells. The third category of precursor cells, progenitor cells, contains a multitude of cells. These cells are committed to form specific cell and tissue types and are the immediate precursors to the differentiated cells and tissues of the adult. The three categories of precursor cells can be readily isolated from adult tissues. They can be distinguished from each other based on their size, growth in cell culture, expressed genes, cell surface markers, and potential for differentiation. This report also discusses new findings. These findings include the karyotypic analysis of germ layer lineage stem cells; the appearance of dopaminergic neurons after implantation of naive adult pluripotent stem cells into a 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned Parkinson's model; and the use of adult stem cells as transport mechanisms for exogenous genetic material. We conclude by discussing the potential roles of adult‐derived precursor cells as building blocks for tissue repair and as delivery vehicles for molecular medicine.