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Side‐effects of insecticides on two erigonid spider species
Author(s) -
Dinter A.,
Poehling H.M.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
entomologia experimentalis et applicata
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.765
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1570-7458
pISSN - 0013-8703
DOI - 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1995.tb01887.x
Subject(s) - spider , pirimicarb , fenvalerate , pyrethroid , biology , toxicology , cyhalothrin , carbamate , zoology , pesticide , ecology , biochemistry
The current rearing technique for Erigone atra (Blackwall) and Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall) (Araneae, Erigonidae) was improved. To reduce time spent rearing on live fruit flies the spiders were kept on a culture of the Collembola species Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus (Gmelin) (Entomobryidae). Side‐effects on spiders of two pyrethroid insecticides (fenvalerate and lambda‐cyhalothrin) and one carbamate insecticide (pirimicarb) were tested. Sensitivity of adults of both sexes and juveniles to insecticides and their influence on the rate of emergence of spiderlings from cocoons were investigated using topical application, spraying or residual contact. LD 50 values for adults ranged from 0.49 to 2.52 ng a.i./spider for lambda‐cyhalothrin and from 5.75 to 98.20 ng a.i./spider for fenvalerate. Topical application also resulted in up to a week's delay of web‐building. A moving laboratory spraying equipment was used to spray spiders with different insecticide dosages and water volumes. Pyrethroids sprayed onto adults in webs had stronger effects than pyrethroids sprayed onto sitting or walking spiders on the soil surface. Residual contamination caused higher mortality of spiders after contact with lambda‐cyhalothrin than fenvalerate. In all tests, males were more susceptible to pyrethroids than females; this difference was related to body weight. Mortality rate was higher for E. atra than for O. apicatus. Both pyrethroids were also toxic to spiderlings. Lambda‐cyhalothrin inhibited emergence of E. atra spiderlings from cocoons. Pirimicarb was harmless to both spider species.