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Practice and Persuasive Frame: Effects on Beliefs, Intention, and Performance of a Cancer Self‐Examination 1
Author(s) -
Steffen Valerie J.,
Sternberg Louis,
Teegarden Lisa A.,
Shepherd Kristen
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
journal of applied social psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.822
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1559-1816
pISSN - 0021-9029
DOI - 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02365.x
Subject(s) - psychology , social psychology , affect (linguistics) , action (physics) , frame (networking) , theory of reasoned action , communication , computer science , telecommunications , physics , quantum mechanics
Many behaviors are performed less frequently than intended because they require knowledge and skill to overcome behavioral barriers. This experiment tested effects of two factors, direct experience and message frame, that were hypothesized to affect men's intention to perform the testicle self‐exam for cancer (TSE) and their actual exam performance, in part by affecting their knowledge and beliefs about overcoming TSE performance barriers. Men's experience performing the TSE on a life‐like model and the frame (negative, positive, or neutral) of the recommendation promoting the exam were manipulated factorially. Consistent with prediction, men who practiced (vs. did not practice) the self‐exam: (a) endorsed stronger beliefs about behavior‐specific knowledge (e.g., ability to imagine a lump), (b) held more positive intention, and (c) translated that intention more consistently into self‐reported action, in part because their behavior‐specific knowledge increased their tendency to act on their intention. Consistent with action phase theory (Gollwitzer, 1990), intention related more strongly to behavior‐specific beliefs than to general, long‐term beliefs, and more strongly than attitude related to behavior‐specific beliefs. These findings have practical and theoretical implications for promoting healthful and other intended behaviors.