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Preventing Smoking Behavior in School Children: An Initial Test of a Cognitive‐Development Program 1
Author(s) -
Hirschman Robert S.,
Leventhal Howard
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
journal of applied social psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.822
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1559-1816
pISSN - 0021-9029
DOI - 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00270.x
Subject(s) - cognition , psychology , session (web analytics) , addiction , population , test (biology) , developmental psychology , clinical psychology , inclusion (mineral) , social psychology , medicine , psychiatry , environmental health , paleontology , world wide web , computer science , biology
A three‐session smoking prevention program based on a cognitive‐developmental stage model was developed and pilot‐tested with 315 sixth through eighth grade students in an urban public school. A media component focusing on experiences associated with different stages of smoking was followed by a structural discussion that linked cognition about symptoms with skills to resist influences to smoke. The control group viewed three commonly used smoking prevention films, made written comments on the films, and participated in an unstructured discussion. Students exposed to the experimental program showed superior gains in accurate interpretations of symptoms, adaptation to symptoms, and addiction. Significantly fewer students exposed to the experimental program made the transition from a first try to occasional or regular smoking at an 18 month follow‐up. Change in understanding of symptoms mediated treatment effects. Obtaining these results with only a three‐session program, using an active treatment control, a within school design, and an urban, racially balanced population, supports the inclusion of a cognitive‐developmental component in smoking prevention.