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Does Knowledge that a Crime Was Staged Affect Eyewitness Performance? 1
Author(s) -
Murray Donna M.,
Wells Gary L.
Publication year - 1982
Publication title -
journal of applied social psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.822
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1559-1816
pISSN - 0021-9029
DOI - 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00847.x
Subject(s) - witness , psychology , affect (linguistics) , social psychology , similarity (geometry) , officer , eyewitness identification , variable (mathematics) , identification (biology) , task (project management) , test (biology) , variables , eyewitness memory , cognitive psychology , statistics , law , communication , relation (database) , computer science , artificial intelligence , data mining , recall , political science , mathematics , image (mathematics) , mathematical analysis , biology , paleontology , management , botany , economics
The Staged crime has generally been considered a valid paradigm for assessing eyewitness identification accuracy. Yet the typical procedure informs the witness before the lineup task that the event was staged. The current study manipulated whether or not witnesses were informed that the witnessed crime was staged (information variable). Two other variables, the presence or absence of the perpetrator in the photo‐lineup and the physical similarity of lineup members, were manipulated to asses any possible interactions with the information variable. A theft was staged individually for 184 unsuspecting witnesses who were then randomly assigned to be either informed that the theft was staged or not informed. Next, all witnesses were met by a uniformed security officer who showed them a photo‐lineup of six individuals. Half of the witnesses viewed a perpetrator‐present lineup with either high or low physical similarity between the foils and the perpatrator and half viewed a perpetrator‐absent lineup with either high or low physical similarity. Three confidence measures, one cooperation measure, and an Embedded Figures Test score were obtained. The results showed that (a) the information variable did not affect the likelihood that a witness would attempt an identification; (b) the information variable did not have a main effect on the particular choices made by the witnesses nor did it interact with lineup similarity, but it did interact with the presence‐absence variable; and (c) the information variable did not affect witness confidence either as a main effect or interaction effect, but, was relatively consistent in affecting the correlation between confidence and accuracy such that the correlation was lower for witnesses who were not informed. The interaction between the information variable and the presence‐absence variable on accuracy was due to the uninformed witnesses being less accurate than the informcd witnesses in the perpetrator‐present condition. The results suggest that accuracy among actual eyewitnesses may be lower than obtained in the typical staged crime procedure and that accuracy‐confidence correlations may be overestimated by the typical staged crime.