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POPULATION GENETICS, PLEIOTROPY, AND THE PREFERENTIAL FIXATION OF MUTATIONS DURING ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION
Author(s) -
Streisfeld Matthew A.,
Rausher Mark D.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.84
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1558-5646
pISSN - 0014-3820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01165.x
Subject(s) - biology , trait , pleiotropy , fixation (population genetics) , evolutionary biology , genetics , quantitative trait locus , mutation , mutation accumulation , population , adaptation (eye) , adaptive evolution , quantitative genetics , natural selection , genetic variation , phenotype , mutation rate , gene , demography , sociology , computer science , programming language , neuroscience
Ongoing debate centers on whether certain types of mutations are fixed preferentially during adaptive evolution. Although there has been much discussion, no quantitative framework currently exists to test for these biases. Here, we describe a method for distinguishing between the two processes that likely account for biased rates of substitution: variation in mutation rates and variation in the probability that a mutation becomes fixed once it arises. We then use this approach to examine the type and magnitude of these biases during evolutionary transitions across multiple scales: those involving repeated origins of individual traits (flower color change), and transitions involving broad suites of traits (morphological and physiological trait evolution in plants and animals). We show that fixation biases can be strong at both levels of comparison, likely due to differences in the magnitude of deleterious pleiotropy associated with alternative mutation categories. However, we also show that the scale at which these comparisons are made greatly influences the results, as broad comparisons that simultaneously analyze mutliple traits obscure heterogeneity in the direction and magnitude of these biases. We conclude that preferential fixation of mutations likely is common in nature, but should be studied on a trait‐by‐trait basis.