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BUILD‐UP OF THE HIMALAYAN AVIFAUNA THROUGH IMMIGRATION: A BIOGEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PHYLLOSCOPUS AND SEICERCUS WARBLERS
Author(s) -
Johansson Ulf S.,
Alström Per,
Olsson Urban,
Ericson Per G. P.,
Sundberg Per,
Price Trevor D.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.84
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1558-5646
pISSN - 0014-3820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00024.x
Subject(s) - vicariance , biological dispersal , biology , allopatric speciation , ecology , genetic algorithm , biogeography , phylogeography , range (aeronautics) , pleistocene , early pleistocene , clade , phylogenetics , paleontology , population , biochemistry , demography , materials science , sociology , composite material , gene
The Himalayan mountain range is one of the most species‐rich areas in the world, harboring about 8% of the world's bird species. In this study, we compare the relative importance of immigration versus in situ speciation to the build‐up of the Himalayan avifauna, by evaluating the biogeographic history of the Phylloscopus / Seicercus warblers, a speciose clade that is well represented in Himalayan forests. We use a comprehensive, multigene phylogeny in conjunction with dispersal‐vicariance analysis to discern patterns of speciation and dispersal within this clade. The results indicate that virtually no speciation has occurred within the Himalayas. Instead, several speciation events are attributed to dispersal into the Himalayas followed by vicariance between the Himalayas and China/Southeast Asia. Most, perhaps all, of these events appear to be pre‐Pleistocene. The apparent lack of speciation within the Himalayas stands in contrast to the mountain‐driven Pleistocene speciation suggested for the Andes and the East African mountains.