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THE EFFECTS OF THE RELATIVE GEOGRAPHIC SCALES OF GENE FLOW AND SELECTION ON MORPH FREQUENCIES IN THE WALKING‐STICK TIMEMA CRISTINAE
Author(s) -
Sandoval Cristina P.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.84
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1558-5646
pISSN - 0014-3820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb02220.x
Subject(s) - biology , gene flow , selection (genetic algorithm) , isolation by distance , evolutionary biology , geographical distance , gene , flow (mathematics) , ecology , genetics , genetic variation , population , mathematics , geometry , demography , artificial intelligence , sociology , computer science
Gene frequencies in large populations are determined by a balance between selection and gene flow between neighborhoods of different selection regimes. This balance is affected by the area of the patches of a given selection regime relative to the gene‐flow distance. If patches are small relative to gene‐flow distance, similarity in the total area occupied by different patch types is a crucial condition for the stability of polymorphisms. However, if patches are larger than the gene‐flow distance, then the relative area of different patch types is less important because of reduced gene flow resulting from isolation by distance. Two morphs (striped and unstriped) of the walking‐stick Timema cristinae were each strongly associated with patches of distinct species of food plants on which they are most cryptic. The frequency of a morph was high on the plant on which it is most cryptic when either: (1) the area occupied by the food plant (patch) was very large; (2) the patch was completely isolated from other patches; or (3) the patch was larger than adjacent patches. Results (1) and (2) are consistent with isolation‐by‐distance models, and result (3) is consistent with Levene's multiple‐niche polymorphism model.