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RUNAWAY EVOLUTION TO SELF‐EXTINCTION UNDER ASYMMETRICAL COMPETITION
Author(s) -
Matsuda Hiroyuki,
Abrams Peter A.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.84
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1558-5646
pISSN - 0014-3820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb02212.x
Subject(s) - intraspecific competition , biology , interspecific competition , extinction (optical mineralogy) , competition (biology) , trait , storage effect , competition model , taxon , ecology , evolutionary biology , microeconomics , economics , paleontology , profit (economics) , programming language , computer science
We analyze a popular model of the evolution of traits related to performance in exploitative competition. This model has previously been used to explain a mechanism by which interspecific competition can cause taxon cycles. We show that purely intraspecific competition can cause evolution of extreme competitive abilities that ultimately result in extinction, without any influence from other species. The only change in the model required for this outcome is the assumption of a nonnormal distribution of resources of different sizes measured on a logarithmic scale. This suggests that taxon cycles, if they exist, may be driven by within‐ rather than between‐species competition. Self‐extinction does not occur when the advantage conferred by a large value of the competitive trait (e.g., size) is relatively small, or when the carrying capacity decreases at a comparatively rapid rate with increases in trait value. The evidence regarding these assumptions is discussed. The results suggest a need for more data on resource distributions and size‐advantage in order to understand the evolution of competitive traits such as body size.