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GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF WING POLYMORPHISM IN THE WATERSTRIDER LIMNOPORUS CANALICULATUS
Author(s) -
Zera Anthony J.,
Innes David J.,
Saks Margaret E.
Publication year - 1983
Publication title -
evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.84
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1558-5646
pISSN - 0014-3820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05568.x
Subject(s) - evolutionary ecology , biology , state (computer science) , ecology , library science , environmental ethics , sociology , computer science , philosophy , algorithm , host (biology)
Wing polymorphism commonly occurs in many insects, especially species of Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, and Hemiptera (Harri-son, 1980). The polymorphism consists of dis-crete differences in wing length with morphs exhibiting fully developed, reduced, or to-tally absent wings. In addition to differences in wing length, morphs often differ in a number of other characteristics such as degree of ight muscle development, duration of nymphal de-velopment, time to rst reproduction, fertility and diapause (Anderson, 1973; Vepsalainen, 1978; Harrison, 1980). Wing polymorphism is an attractive sys-tem for investigating the evolution of disper-sal in natural populations (Vepsalainen, 1978; Denno and Grissell, 1979; Harrison, 1980). A key step in such studies is the identi cation of the environmental and genetic components of morph determination. Numerous studies of insects from several different orders have clearly demonstrated that environmental vari-ables such as photoperiod, temperature and density may strongly in uence the develop-ment of an individual into a particular morph (see references in Harrison, 1980). However, the genetic component of morph determina-tion is poorly understood. In a number of studies, attempts have been made to identify the genetic basis of determi-nation in species of waterstriders (Gerridae: Hemiptera), and the results used to formulate models of the evolution of winglessness. Pois-son (1924) claimed that results of crossing ex-periments with