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The Unique Features of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children. Review of the Characteristics of the Pediatric Skull and Brain, Mechanisms of Trauma, Patterns of Injury, Complications, and their Imaging Findings—Part 2
Author(s) -
Pinto Pedro S.,
Meoded Avner,
Poretti Andrea,
Tekes Aylin,
Huisman Thierry A. G. M.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of neuroimaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.822
H-Index - 64
eISSN - 1552-6569
pISSN - 1051-2284
DOI - 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2011.00690.x
Subject(s) - medicine , traumatic brain injury , neuroimaging , brain trauma , skull fracture , intensive care medicine , skull , pediatrics , surgery , psychiatry
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The unique biomechanical, hemodynamical, and functional characteristics of the developing brain and the age‐dependent variance in trauma mechanisms result in a wide range of age specific traumas and patterns of brain injuries. Detailed knowledge of the main primary and secondary pediatric injuries, which enhance sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, will guide therapy and may give important information about the prognosis. In recent years, anatomical but also functional imaging methods have revolutionized neuroimaging of pediatric TBI. The purpose of this article is (1) to comprehensively review frequent primary and secondary brain injuries and (2) to give a short overview of two special types of pediatric TBI: birth related and nonaccidental injuries. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:e18–e41.