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Differences Between Copper‐Oxide‐ and Zinc‐Oxide‐Doped Sodium Potassium Niobate Ceramics
Author(s) -
Yang SongLing,
Tsai ChengChe,
Liou YiCheng,
Hong ChengShong,
Chen HanChang,
Chu ShengYuan
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05246.x
Subject(s) - materials science , ceramic , sintering , doping , calcination , potassium niobate , zinc , oxygen , mineralogy , copper oxide , oxide , analytical chemistry (journal) , inorganic chemistry , metallurgy , chemistry , dielectric , ferroelectricity , biochemistry , optoelectronics , organic chemistry , chromatography , catalysis
( Na 0.5 K 0.5 ) NbO 3 is doping with ZnO and CuO , respectively, ( NKNZ x and NKNC x , where x = 0–1 mol%) using a two‐step calcination process ( BO method). The X ‐ray diffraction profiles of NKNZ x ceramics show a few secondary phases because Zn 2+ ions cannot substitute Nb 5+ ions. Moreover, the binding energies of Nb atoms in CuO ‐ and ZnO ‐doped NKN ceramics are different, suggesting that oxygen vacancies were induced when CuO was doped into NKN ceramics. The mechanical quality factor ( Q m ) values of the NKNZ x ceramics are not as high as those of NKNC x ceramics due to a lack of oxygen vacancies in the former. The internal bias field is used to demonstrate the presence of oxygen vacancies. In ZnO ‐doped NKN ceramics, the piezoelectric properties only improved slightly because ZnO used as a sintering aid enhanced the densification of samples. A high Q m value is obtained for CuO ‐doped NKN ceramics mainly due to the formation of oxygen vacancies.