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Interaction of Modified ( K , Na ) NbO 3 Ceramics with Ag ‐Containing Electrodes
Author(s) -
Morozov Maxim I.,
Bäurer Michael,
Hoffmann Michael J.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04607.x
Subject(s) - alkali metal , materials science , ceramic , tetragonal crystal system , orthorhombic crystal system , natural bond orbital , electrode , analytical chemistry (journal) , stoichiometry , solubility , phase (matter) , mineralogy , chemistry , crystallography , composite material , crystal structure , chromatography , organic chemistry , molecule
Interaction between modified ( K , Na ) NbO 3 ceramics and metallic silver has been experimentally studied to simulate effects of using Ag ‐containing electrode pastes in multilayer actuators with alkali‐based ferroelectric layers. The solubility limit of silver added as an excess component is found to vary in the range of 0.8–2.5 mol% depending on composition and stoichiometry of the ceramics. Inhomogeneous distribution of the residual undissolved silver across the thickness of a single ceramic layer between the co‐fired Ag – Pd electrodes is evidenced by X ‐ray diffraction. The overall effect of Ag as excess component on temperature of the orthorhombic–tetragonal phase transition is found different from the known effect of Ag as alkali substituent.