Premium
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rutile‐Type Complete Solid Solution Nanoparticles in the TiO 2 –SnO 2 System under Acidic Conditions
Author(s) -
Hirano Masanori,
Kono Takeshi
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04598.x
Subject(s) - rutile , crystallite , solid solution , materials science , hydrothermal circulation , mineralogy , chemical engineering , inorganic chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , metallurgy , chromatography , engineering
Rutile‐type complete solid solutions between TiO 2 and SnO 2 were directly formed as nanoparticles via the forced co‐hydrolysis of precursor solutions of TiCl 4 and SnCl 4 under acidic hydrothermal conditions at 240°C. The change in the lattice parameters a 0 and c 0 of rutile (Ti, Sn)O 2 solid solutions followed the Vegard's Law. The crystallite size of rutile‐type TiO 2 was varied from 118 to 22.5 nm by the formation of rutile‐type solid solutions with 10 mol% SnO 2 . The crystallite size of the rutile‐type solid solutions containing more than 20 mol% SnO 2 was maintained in the range of 10–14 nm by the control of crystallite growth owing to the presence of SnO 2 . The specific surface area of the rutile‐type solid solutions corresponded well to the change in the crystallite size. The optical band gap was gradually decreased with decreased SnO 2 content in the rutile‐type solid solutions. The beginning of the phase separation was observed in the sample Ti 0.5 Sn 0.5 O 2 by heating at 1200°C above 1 h in air, since the rutile‐type solid solutions were metastable in the large area of miscibility gap below T c = 1430°C in the TiO 2 –SnO 2 system.