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Concentration Determination of Er 3+ in LiNbO 3 Crystal by Absorption Spectroscopy
Author(s) -
Zhang DeLong,
Xu LiRong,
Hua PingRang,
Yu DaoYin,
Pun Edwin YueBun
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04421.x
Subject(s) - crystal (programming language) , attenuation coefficient , doping , absorption (acoustics) , analytical chemistry (journal) , absorption spectroscopy , materials science , single crystal , spectroscopy , czochralski method , stoichiometry , chemistry , crystallography , optics , physics , optoelectronics , quantum mechanics , chromatography , computer science , composite material , programming language
A number of X ‐, Y ‐, and Z ‐cut congruent or near‐stoichiometric only Er 3+ ‐doped or Er 3+ /D n + ‐codoped (D n + =Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , In 3+ , Yb 3+ ) LiNbO 3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski method. The Er 3+ concentrations in these crystals were determined at first from neutron activation analysis. Then, the integrated unpolarized Er 3+ absorption coefficient at the 1.5 μm wavelength region was measured as a function of Er 3+ concentration in crystal. The results show that the integrated absorption coefficient (IAC) is linearly proportional to the Er 3+ concentration in the crystal ([Er 3+ ] crystal ) whether the crystal is only Er 3+ ‐doped or Er 3+ /D n + ‐codoped, and the fitted expression is IAC=(95.0±4.6)·[Er 3+ ] crystal for the X ‐ or Y ‐cut crystals and IAC=(102.0±5.1)·[Er 3+ ] crystal for the Z ‐cut ones. These linear expressions enable to establish an optical method used to accurately determine Er 3+ concentration in any only Er 3+ ‐doped or Er 3+ /D n + ‐codoped LiNbO 3 crystal from the simple and rapid unpolarized absorption measurement, and the error is within 10%.