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Crystalline Intermediate Phases in the Sol–Gel‐Based Synthesis of La 2 NiO 4+δ
Author(s) -
Efimov Konstantin,
Arnold Mirko,
Martynczuk Julia,
Feldhoff Armin
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.02943.x
Subject(s) - non blocking i/o , calcination , lanthanum , nanocrystalline material , nickel oxide , materials science , transmission electron microscopy , oxide , nickel , thermal decomposition , inorganic chemistry , powder diffraction , sol gel , chemical engineering , crystallography , chemistry , nanotechnology , metallurgy , organic chemistry , engineering , catalysis , biochemistry
X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were applied to investigate a sol–gel synthetic process for the mixed oxygen ion and electron conductor La 2 NiO 4+δ with a K 2 NiF 4 structure type. The development of the La 2 NiO 4+δ is elucidated considering the influence of calcination temperatures and dwell times. Following the thermal decomposition of nitrate and organic precursors in an intermediate step, the lanthanum nickel oxide is obtained after a short dwell time above 750°C. This occurs by the transformation of an ultrafinely dispersed powder consisting of lanthanum oxycarbonate, lanthanum oxide, and nickel oxide. The pure La 2 NiO 4+δ phase was obtained by similar solid‐state reactions between nanocrystalline powder particles at just 950°C.