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Properties of (1− x )PZT– x SKN Ceramics Sintered at Low Temperature Using Li 2 CO 3
Author(s) -
Donnelly Niall J.,
Shrout Thomas R.,
Randall Clive A.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02403.x
Subject(s) - materials science , cofiring , curie temperature , ceramic , flux (metallurgy) , sintering , hysteresis , analytical chemistry (journal) , polarization (electrochemistry) , piezoelectric coefficient , piezoelectricity , conductivity , composite material , mineralogy , condensed matter physics , metallurgy , ferromagnetism , chemistry , physics , chromatography , combustion
The densification of a Sr, K, Nb (SKN)‐doped PZT ceramic has been modified using different flux chemistries. The most successful flux is Li 2 CO 3 of which a 0.9 mol% addition promotes almost complete densification at 900°C. Structure property relationships in the Li 2 CO 3 flux‐sintered (1− x )PZT– x SKN system (0.01< x <0.05) are compared with conventionally sintered material. Consequences of flux interactions include increased conductivity and a shift in the optimum (1− x )PZT– x SKN composition. The flux sintered PZT–0.03SKN composition exhibits a high field d 33 piezoelectric coefficient of 640 pm/V and a Curie temperature of ∼350°C. The unipolar polarization hysteresis loss is ∼23 kJ/m 3 and varies little with temperature up to 150°C. Finally, we demonstrate successful cofiring of a multilayer structure at 900°C using Li 2 CO 3 ‐fluxed PZT–SKN and pure silver electrodes.