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Preparation and Process Chemistry of SnO 2 Films Derived from SnC 2 O 4 by the Aqueous Sol–Gel Method
Author(s) -
Liu Tongjun,
Jin Zhengguo,
Yang Jingxia,
Feng Lirui
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02399.x
Subject(s) - chemistry , sol gel , aqueous solution , nanocrystalline material , raman spectroscopy , tin , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , dissolution , analytical chemistry (journal) , tin dioxide , triethanolamine , hydrate , scanning electron microscope , x ray crystallography , nuclear chemistry , inorganic chemistry , crystallography , chemical engineering , materials science , diffraction , nanotechnology , chromatography , physics , organic chemistry , engineering , optics , composite material
Nanocrystalline SnO 2 films were prepared from SnC 2 O 4 by a sol–gel route. A clarified and stable Sn‐containing sol was obtained by dissolving and chelating SnC 2 O 4 with C 6 H 8 O 7 and H 2 C 2 O 4 in a C 6 H 8 O 7 /triethanolamine (TEA) mixing aqueous solution with a pH of 6.5–7.0. The chelation and condensation reactions were deducted based upon infrared, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectra analysis. Results illuminated that a number of ionized‐state carboxyl groups and active tin hydrate were produced in the mixing solution by amido association of TEA with H on –COOH of H 3 L and H 2 C 2 O 4 , supplying a precondition for tin sol formation. X‐ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that SnO 2 film had a rutile structure and consisted of nanocrystals with a mean size of about 7 nm. Film thickness could be controlled by the number of dip coating—annealing cycles according to 30–45 nm/cycle for a Sn concentration of 0.25 mol/L.