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Novel Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Ferroelectric Neodymium‐Doped Bismuth Titanate Nanoparticles
Author(s) -
Prakash Prem,
Garg Ashish,
Roy Mukesh Kumar,
Verma Harish Chandra
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01539.x
Subject(s) - materials science , differential scanning calorimetry , calcination , crystallization , ferroelectricity , bismuth titanate , curie temperature , analytical chemistry (journal) , perovskite (structure) , transmission electron microscopy , lead titanate , mineralogy , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , dielectric , ferromagnetism , chemistry , chromatography , biochemistry , physics , optoelectronics , quantum mechanics , engineering , thermodynamics , catalysis
In this study, we report on the synthesis of nanopowders of ferroelectric Bi 3.5 Nd 0.5 Ti 3 O 12 ceramic at temperatures below 500°C via a simple chemical method using citric acid as a solvent. The calcined powders were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Heating the as‐dried powders in air first leads to crystallization of the Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 phase at ∼310°C, followed by crystallization of the perovskite Nd‐doped Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 phase at ∼490°C as suggested by the peaks in the DSC analysis and confirmed by the evolution of phases in XRD patterns of the powders calcined at various temperatures. TEM of particles calcined at 550°C for 1 h in air showed an average particle size of 50–60 nm. The temperature dependence of capacitance of nanopowders calcined at 700°C for 1 h in air showed a Curie temperature of ∼615°C evincing a ferroelectric transition.